ഹബിൾ ബഹിരാകാശ ദൂരദർശിനിയുടെ കഴിഞ്ഞ മുപ്പത് വർഷങ്ങൾ !!

On the 24th of April 1990 the nasa/esa Hubble Space Telescope was sent into orbit above the space shuttle Discovery the first space telescope of its kind It offered a new view of the universe and has for 30 years surpassed all expectations Beaming back data and images that have changed scientists understanding of the universe and the public’s perception of it Hubble’s discoveries have revolutionized nearly all areas of current astronomical research From planetary science to cosmology and it’s pictures are unmistakably out of this world This video will reveal some of Hubble’s biggest science discoveries throughout its three decades of operation An early and memorable result is the Hubble Deep fields These are extended observations of a particular region of the sky Intended to reveal faint objects by collecting the light from them for an appropriately long time These images Fascinated scientists and the general public alike as the thousands of galaxies captured in single images spawned widespread fascination and amazement The original and now famous Hubble Deep Field image released in 1996 Consisted of an area of sky with a width equal to just ¹⁄₁₂ that of the full moon In it Hubble found almost 3000 distant galaxies The Hubble ultra-deep field from 2004 was the deepest portrait of the visible universe ever achieved by humankind The 2012 Hubble extreme deep field was an impressive combination of many existing exposures over 2,000 of them into one image The results were astonishing for astronomers by studying the thousands of galaxies captured in these deep field observations Including some of the most distant primeval galaxies. They were learning more about the very early universe The bulk of the early and remote galaxies had not yet had time to formed stars and Were also characterized by an atypical shape as they seemed to be smaller and more irregular Than those nearer to us This was taken as a clear indication that galaxies formed by merging together smaller objects The hubble frontier fields observing campaign Drew upon the power of massive clusters of galaxies to unleash the full potential of the hubble space telescope Hubble’s sensitivity and high resolution Allow it to see faint and distant gravitational lenses that are harder to detect with ground-based telescopes Gravitational lensing is a phenomenon created by extremely concentrated masses like the cause of galaxies of galaxy clusters Their strong gravity warps the surrounding space and light from distant Objects traveling through that warped space is curved away from its straight-line path as if passing through a lens Hubble can resolve details within the multiple banana shaped arcs that are one of the main results of gravitational lensing as The images of background sources are distorted An Important consequence of lensing distortion is magnification Allowing us to observe objects that would otherwise be too far away and too faint to be seen Hubble makes use of this magnification effect to study beyond the sensitivity of its two point four meter diameter primary mirror By showing us the most distant galaxies humanity has ever encountered Hubble’s observations of lensing effects have also given us a glimpse of the cosmos that will be unveiled by the upcoming NASA ISA CSA James Webb Space Telescope One of Hubble’s initial core purposes was to determine the rate of expansion of the universe Known to astronomers as the Hubble constant This value is an essential ingredient needed to determine the age size and fate of the cosmos Before Hubble was launched the value of the Hubble constant was not known precisely and calculations of the universe’s age ranged from 10 billion to 20 billion years now astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope’s data and observations have refined their estimates of the Universe’s present expansion rate and are working to make it more accurate Hubble’s refined distance values have helped to put the age of the universe at 13.8 billion years While improving the measurements of the Hubble constant The Hubble Space Telescope’s data have also supported the development and use of the cosmic distance ladder Which is an important scientific tool that is used to measure Accurate distances to galaxies near to and far from Earth To do this Astronomers use Hubble to measure the distances to a class of pulsating stars called C feared variables Which I used as milepost markers Once the sea feeds are calibrated Astronomers move beyond our Milky Way to nearby galaxies for other reliable yardsticks Supernovae exploding stars that flare with the same amount of brightness Astronomers used the Cepheus to calibrate the relationship between absolute luminosity and apparent brightness relation for supernovae Which is a function of the distance from us of their host galaxies We detect supernovae in galaxies hundreds of millions of light years from us Giving us a powerful tool for calibrating redshifts at larger distances than si Fiat scan however scientists discovered that supernovae at higher Redshifts were fainter than one would expect when assuming a constant expansion of the universe Meaning they were further away These observations helped astronomers to then determine how fast the universe is expanding over time to their surprise The data implied that the universe has not been expanding at a constant rate. But instead is accelerating Many scientists believe this acceleration is caused by something called dark energy That must make up about 70% of the entire universe By observing, how dark energy behaves over time? Astronomers hope to gain a better understanding of what it is and how it might affect the future of the cosmos the telescope also carried out surveys and Developed new methods to look for clues about the equally mysterious dark matter which makes up about 27% of the universe Astronomers used Hubble to create a map of everyday visible matter From which they could trace the large-scale distribution of dark matter by studying how its gravitational presence distorted light in the images Hubble has also lifted the veil surrounding the cosmic monsters that lurk at the center of most galaxies supermassive black holes Using its spectroscopic observing capabilities Hubble peered into the galaxy cores and found that the stars there moved in tight orbits at enormous velocities this strange behavior indicated the presence of a truly colossal Gravitational field that could only be produced by a supermassive black hole Hubble provided the first solid proof of their existence Today it is known that there is a black hole in the center of almost every galaxy Another phenomenon that Hubble’s instruments have observed throughout the years is quasars These are powerful Jets of energy that come from extremely luminous galactic centers the power from a quasar is enormous and they typically have luminosities thousands of times brighter than the Milky Way in 1996 Hubble’s 100,000th exposure was a quasar located 9 billion light-years from Earth More recently Hubble discovered the brightest quasar seen in the early universe Hubble has revolutionized planetary science in a number of ways through its precise observations of our own solar system Hubble has charted the dynamic activity on Jupiter and its moon Io In 1994 it also witnessed a comet crash into the planet’s surface Hubble has also observed the Aurora’s on several of our solar system’s planets including Saturn and Uranus the Telescope’s data were also used to study the origin of the smallest known moon orbiting the planet Neptune Known as hipa camp In 2013 Hubble provided the first observational evidence of water vapor RUP ting from the frigid surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa near its South Pole The telescope has also captured observations of some special interstellar visitors in 2018 Hubble studied Omer amore the first interstellar object discovered in the solar system In cooperation with other ground-based telescopes It was determined that the object was likely a comet and was moving away from the Sun faster than previously expected In 2019 Hubble provided astronomers with their sharpest and best observation to date of the interstellar visitor comet - I Borissov Which is believed to have arrived here from another planetary system elsewhere in our galaxy Hubble’s high resolving power has also been crucial in the investigation of regions of star formation both in the Milky Way And in other galaxies and its infrared Capabilities have allowed it to peer through the thick clouds of dust and gas present in those regions The death of a star can be as beautiful and interesting as its birth Hubble has observed both sun-like stars as they come to the end of their lives in the form of planetary nebulae and Massive stars experiencing explosive deaths at supernova By studying them at different times in their lives Couple has allowed us to paint a more complete picture of stars the building blocks of galaxies While not one of its original science goals Hubble has also made a name for itself as an exoplanet Explorer in particular by studying exoplanet atmospheres The chemical makeup of a planet’s atmosphere leaves a unique fingerprint on the star light that passes through it By studying the Orion Nebula Hubble made the stunning discovery that at least half of the stars in the region were surrounded by rotating discs of gas and dust The raw materials necessary for the formation of planets In 2016 Hubble analyzed for the first time the dry atmosphere of a super earth 40 light-years away In 2019 in an exciting discovery The telescopes data were used to detect water vapor in the atmosphere of a super earth within the habitable zone k2 18b is 8 times the mass of Earth and at its discovery was the only planet orbiting a star outside the solar system or Exoplanet known to have both water and temperatures that could support life Prior to Hubble’s work just one planetary system had ever been confirmed Hubble’s observations have shown us that planets are being formed around many more stars than previously thought Increasing the possibility that life could exist somewhere out there and in the future Hubble could possibly find hints of life in one of these fingerprints an Outstanding successful project of international cooperation between NASA and ISA the Hubble Space Telescope Will continue to work for as long as its components operate and it provides a good service to the scientific community It’s unprecedented capabilities have made it one of the most powerful science instruments ever conceived by humans and Certainly, the one most embraced by the public on Its 30th birthday. We look back at its unparalleled scientific contributions, and it’s spectacular Imagery while anxiously awaiting what discoveries are yet to come? .